Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a（）linguistics.

Social changes can often bring about language changes.

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

Language is a system of a（）vocal symbols used for human communication.

Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.

P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

Phonetics

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.