What is the STP root guard feature designed to prevent？（）

Multicast is being deployed in the network， and only ip pim sparse-dense mode has been configured on all interfaces in the network to support a new video streaming application. No other multicast configuration was applied anywhere in the network. Since enabling multicast， the network monitoring tools show periodic spikes in link utilization throughout the network， even in areas where the video application is not being used. What could be a possible cause？（）

For the following protocols， which one provides a mechanism to transparently intercept and redirect CIFS traffic from a client to a local Cisco Wida Area Application engine？（）

For the following items，what is the mathematical relationship between the committed information  rate （CIR）， committed burst （Bc）， and committed rate measurement interval （Tc）？（）

What are the "bound IP addresses" used for in LDP？（）

You are the network administrator of a Layer 3 switched network. Users in one VLAN are complaining that access to the server VLAN is very slow from time to time. Traffic in the local VLAN works without any issue， and users in other VLANs do not have any complaint to reach the server VLAN. What is most likely the cause of this issue？（）

Which IOS security feature is configured by the ip inspect inspection-name {in  out} command？（）

What does the OSPF command capability vrf-lite achieve？（）

Two directly connected routers， R1 and R2， are both configured for OSPF graceful restart. R2 is able to switch packets in hardware， but R1 is not. If a network administrator logs on to R2 and performs a system reload， which will be the result？（）

Which QoS mechanism can help classify different kinds of Citrix traffic （print job versus real-time terminal control）？（）